Ultra-Low Power Software Hardware2025-09-03T19:39:02+00:00

The ultra-low power /
high performance challenge

Designing a medical device with ultra-low power consumption presents a unique set of challenges for hardware and software design.

Multidisciplinary expertise

In addition to simply balancing performance trade-off considerations, designing for ultra-low power requires an integrated approach to hardware and software design. It also requires specialized testing to ensure that the power consumption profile is properly defined for all operating scenarios in the intended clinical application.

Stay Ahead of the curve with ultra-low power innovation

Whether it’s for a cardiac rhythm management, neuromodulation, vascular, or any other implantable device, working with Nocturnal’s team of experts you are always one step ahead of the latest advances in ultra-low power device development, including:

When optimally utilized, a new generation of processors, (e.g., ARM Cortex-M) can operate on minimal power while still providing high performance, making them ideal for use in medical devices that require high computing power while consuming minimal energy.

Recent advances in power management software, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and power-aware scheduling algorithms, make it possible to optimize power usage across different components of the device, thereby extending battery life and reducing power consumption.

New technologies allow medical devices to reduce the need for frequent battery replacements by acquiring energy from their surroundings, such as the patient’s body, motion, or ambient light.
Low-power wireless communication technologies, such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) enable wireless medical devices to operate for extended periods on a single battery charge.

FAQ

What should you look for in a development partner for ultra-low-power wearable or implantable devices?2025-09-03T12:11:02+00:00

Look for a partner with proven expertise in ultra-low-power electronics and medical software. They should have experience designing implantable and compact wearable devices, with a strong background in biosensor signal processing and power optimization. The best partners also understand how to produce AI-ready data and have a track record of bringing regulated medical devices to market successfully.

What are the key challenges in developing ultra-low-power medical devices?2025-09-03T12:09:48+00:00

The biggest challenge is balancing performance with extremely low energy use. A device must capture and process biosensor data accurately without quickly draining its tiny battery. Designers have to choose specialized low-power components and optimize every software task to save power. Often there are trade-offs to conserve energy while still providing reliable, real-time health insights—such as reducing data acquisition and transmission frequencies, simplifying algorithms, and knowing when it’s worth accepting higher amplifier current drain in favor of lower noise.

Why should startups prioritize ultra-low-power design in their medical devices?2025-09-03T12:09:13+00:00

Medical device startups should focus on ultra-low-power design early because battery life is often the first metric on which devices are judged beyond their efficacy. If a wearable or implant requires daily charging or an implant’s primary battery dies too quickly, users and clinicians won’t adopt it. Planning for minimal power use from the start avoids costly redesigns later and ensures the product can deliver continuous monitoring and better patient experience on a tight power budget

🔧 Hardware Questions

What are the key hardware choices for ultra-low-power biosensor devices?2025-09-03T19:33:13+00:00

Key choices include low-power analog front-ends that balance noise requirements with current drain, an ultra-efficient MCU with low power features and operating modes that can truly be leveraged by the intended software architecture, and a BLE radio that provides intimate control of communications parameters to optimize power usage. Every component in the design should have a specific and unique purpose, and be selected with a coherent device-level plan that integrates hardware and firmware with the goal of minimizing power consumption.

How do low-power constraints affect hardware design for implantables and wearables?2025-09-03T19:33:21+00:00

Low-power constraints demand the use of ultra-efficient microcontrollers, careful selection of power management and signal conditioning components, and even minimization of the number of passive components.. For both implantables and wearables, every component must be considered in the context of maximizing battery life while minimizing signal noise and electronics volume.

💻 Software Questions

What are some software techniques for reducing power in biosensor devices?2025-09-03T19:32:50+00:00

Ultra low power design requires a near-obsessive focus on maximizing time in low power operating states. Smart scheduling of data acquisition and process, offloading tasks to microcontroller peripherals, and strategies for limiting connection time during wireless communications can all reduce power use while maintaining signal quality.

How does embedded software impact power use in wearable medical devices?2025-09-03T19:33:02+00:00

Firmware controls power-hungry tasks like data acquisition, data filtering, and wireless communications. Efficient code with smart scheduling, sensor fusion, and edge processing minimizes active time and energy drain—critical for long battery life in wearables and implants.

📡 Biosensor Signal & Data Questions

What are the tradeoffs between edge and cloud processing in low-power medical devices?2025-09-03T19:32:14+00:00

Cloud processing reduces on-device power use but increases wireless transmission needs, which can drain batteries quickly. Edge processing saves data transmission power by analyzing data locally, but requires more capable (and slightly more power-hungry) processors or more awake time. The decision where to process data is often driven by other factors as well, such as the likely frequency of updating the associated algorithms. The best approach often involves a balance of the two approaches, based on the specific application.

What are the tradeoffs between biosensor data quality and power usage?2025-09-03T19:32:33+00:00

Higher data quality often requires faster sampling, higher resolution, lower noise, and more frequent transmissions—all of which consume more power. To conserve energy, the first step is determining what the quality requirements truly are. The data must be good enough to enable the product to accomplish its current and future clinical goals, but superfluous quality only consumes power for no end benefit.

How do you optimize biosensor data collection for ultra-low power?2025-09-03T19:32:42+00:00

Optimization involves selecting the right sampling rate, minimizing sensor activation time, and balancing analog and signal processing to achieve the necessary signal quality—not the maximum possible signal quality. For wearable or implantable sensors, the goal is to capture meaningful data while keeping energy consumption minimal.

🤖 AI/ML Questions

What are the requirements for making biosensor data AI-ready in low-power devices?2025-09-03T19:31:36+00:00

In low-power wearables and implants, AI-ready data must be clean, structured, and lightweight. Devices should preprocess signals to reduce noise and compress features before transmission. This minimizes power use while ensuring the data is usable for model training and real-time inference.

How do low-power constraints impact your medical device AI strategy?2025-09-03T19:31:56+00:00

Power limits may require preprocessing or signal classification to happen on-device, using lightweight models or thresholds. Full AI processing may be deferred to the cloud, so the device sends only essential features, reducing energy use while still enabling intelligent insights.

Result-based business model

Cash efficiency is a “do or die” proposition for any early stage company, and hourly-priced projects can quickly lead to cost and time overruns.

Our pricing is based on results, giving you the predictability you need to plan your budget and meet your funding milestones with confidence.

And with direct access to our project management system, you have real-time visibility into our progress so you always know where you are.

You pay for: Milestones completed

You don’t pay for: Our time

design for success

From napkin sketch to commercially-viable product, we take a holistic approach to product development, addressing all the required aspects for your device to be successful:

Technical
Ensuring the device can perform as required to deliver the intended clinical results

Usability
Ensuring the device can be operated in the intended clinical setting

Standards
Ensuring the design and development process is documented in compliance with ISO 13485:2016 and that the design meets the requirements imposed by relevant regulatory standards

Manufacturability
Ensuring manufacturing is feasible within your business case assumptions and identifying qualified suppliers and manufacturing partners

Financial
Optimizing device cost of goods sold (COGS)

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“Nocturnal has once again exceeded the milestones specified, and using off-the-shelf computational hardware has kept product costs competitive.”
Bruce Ferguson, MD, Chief Medical Officer & Co-Founder, Perfusio

Our top team
is now
your team.

We are a small firm where everyone is an expert in their field, everyone is working hands-on with a client, and everyone is invested in your success.

Turn your sketch into reality.

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